{"id":5399,"date":"2012-06-12T15:48:45","date_gmt":"2012-06-12T22:48:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/?p=5399"},"modified":"2012-06-12T15:48:45","modified_gmt":"2012-06-12T22:48:45","slug":"using-real-people-in-stories-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/2012\/06\/12\/using-real-people-in-stories-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Real People in Stories \u2013 Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

"On the Internet no one knows you're a dog."<\/p><\/div>\n

Welcome to the monthly column on literary law.<\/strong>\u00a0Today we focus on the thorny issue of using real people in our stories \u2014 from\u00a0our monthly guest columnist,\u00a0Kelley Way<\/strong>,\u00a0a lawyer specializing in literary law. If you have general questions for Kelley on contracts or other aspects of literary law, be sure to comment below.\u00a0Thanks!<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>PS. A list of books on literary law can be found\u00a0here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

PPS. For more on copyright, visit the\u00a0U.S. Copyright Office<\/a>.<\/p>\n

And now for a bit of necessary legalese:\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Please note that this article does not constitute legal advice, and that an attorney-client relationship is not formed by reading the article or by commenting thereon.<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

One of the more frequent questions I am asked is whether an author can use a person\u2019s name, life story, or attributes in his or her novel. It\u2019s a thorny issue, which is not surprising when a person\u2019s reputation, privacy, and\/or identity is involved.<\/p>\n

To make matters worse, there are few, if any, federal laws on this subject, so what claims an angry plaintiff can pursue, and the nature of those claims, will vary from state to state.<\/p>\n

Here, I\u2019ll cover the most common claims, and how they\u2019re defined under California law.<\/p>\n

If you live outside of California, and are concerned about using a real person in your novel, you\u2019ll need to consult with a local attorney to learn how your laws differ.<\/p>\n

The claims fall under three categories \u2013 defamation<\/strong>, violation of the right of privacy,<\/strong> and violation of the right of publicity<\/strong>. I\u2019ll be covering each of these claims in a separate article. Today I’ll cover defamation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Defamation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

This one is fairly well known, and can probably be avoided without too much difficulty. The essence of defamation is that you told a lie which hurt a person\u2019s reputation.<\/em><\/p>\n

For the sake of expedience, we\u2019ll call this person John.<\/p>\n

There are two subcategories to defamation, slander (the spoken form) and libel (the written from). Since our concern is using John in your novel, we\u2019ll stick to libel. The official elements of libel are:<\/p>\n

1.)\u00a0\u00a0 You asserted (i.e. presented as true) a fact that reflects negatively on the person\u2019s character<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.)\u00a0\u00a0 You \u201cpublished\u201d this fact (put it in your novel, wrote it on your blog, etc.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

For example, let\u2019s say you\u2019re writing a memoir. You feel that it needs to be more interesting, so you make up a story about your neighbor John and the meth lab he kept at the back of his house. This would be a defamatory statement \u2013 you asserted that John makes meth, which makes him a criminal and therefore a bad guy, and you put it in print for the world to see. John would not be pleased if he picked up your book and saw this.<\/p>\n

The best way to avoid a defamation claim is, of course, to not lie about a person, and only say or write positive things that he or she wouldn\u2019t object to. If you must say or write something negative, make sure that it\u2019s true: truth is an absolute defense in any defamation case. If John really did have a meth lab at the back of his house, there\u2019s not much he can do \u2013 though he might still try, if he\u2019s mad enough.<\/p>\n

Another absolute defense is if you can show that John consented to you making the defamatory statement. I honestly don\u2019t know when or why a person might agree to this, but it\u2019s a valid defense nonetheless. If John does agree, make sure you have it in writing.<\/p>\n

And, last but not least, defamation only applies to living people; only the person whose reputation was injured can bring a defamation claim. If John died five years ago, there is no one who is hurt, and thus no valid claim to bring.<\/p>\n

A side note:<\/em> John would have a harder time with his lawsuit if the matter you talked or wrote about was a matter of public concern – for example, if he was a senator, and you wrote the story about his meth lab. Lawmakers don\u2019t want people to be afraid to speak out on real issues, for fear of being sued for defamation, so they make it harder for plaintiffs to win in cases like this one. In a case like this, John would have to prove two additional elements, beyond the two above. First, he would have to prove that the statement was false (as opposed to before, where you, the defendant, could prove that it\u2019s true and use the truth as your \u201cget out of jail free\u201d card). Second, he would have to prove that you knew it was false, or at least that you should have known and would have if you\u2019d done a halfway decent job of researching it. In other words, John has to prove that you made the statement in bad faith.<\/p>\n

Hopefully this has given you a better understanding of how defamation works. If not, the comment section and my inbox are open. Feedback is always welcome!<\/em><\/p>\n

Next time: I’ll cover\u00a0violation of the right of privacy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

ABOUT THE AUTHOR<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kelley Way was born and raised in Walnut Creek, California. She graduated from UC Davis with a B.A. in English, followed by a Juris Doctorate. Kelley is a member of the California Bar, and an aspiring writer of young adult fantasy novels. She can be contacted at\u00a0KelleyAWay@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

One of the more frequent questions I am asked is whether an author can use a person\u2019s name, life story, or attributes in his or her novel. It\u2019s a thorny issue, which is not surprising when a person\u2019s reputation, privacy, and\/or identity is involved. To make matters worse, there are few, if any, federal laws on this subject, so what claims an angry plaintiff can pursue, and the nature of those claims, will vary from state to state.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[644,172],"tags":[1543,934,1544,988,1545],"class_list":["post-5399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artist-entrepreneur","category-author-career","tag-defamation","tag-kelley-way","tag-libel","tag-literary-law","tag-right-to-privacy"],"yoast_head":"\nUsing Real People in Stories \u2013 Part 1 · Writer's Fun Zone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/2012\/06\/12\/using-real-people-in-stories-part-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using Real People in Stories \u2013 Part 1 · Writer's Fun Zone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One of the more frequent questions I am asked is whether an author can use a person\u2019s name, life story, or attributes in his or her novel. 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