{"id":27356,"date":"2023-08-08T03:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/?p=27356"},"modified":"2023-08-03T11:30:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T18:30:59","slug":"part-2-fair-use-revisited-by-kelley-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/08\/part-2-fair-use-revisited-by-kelley-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Part 2: Fair Use Revisited by Kelley Way"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Part-2-Fair-Use-Revisited-by-Kelley-Way.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-27357 size-full\" title=\"Part 2: Fair Use Revisited by Kelley Way\" src=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Part-2-Fair-Use-Revisited-by-Kelley-Way.png\" alt=\"Part 2: Fair Use Revisited by Kelley Way\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Part-2-Fair-Use-Revisited-by-Kelley-Way.png 300w, https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Part-2-Fair-Use-Revisited-by-Kelley-Way-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Let\u2019s welcome back monthly columnist <a href=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/?s=Kelley+Way\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kelley Way<\/a> as she shares with us \u201cPart 2: Fair Use Revisited.\u201d Enjoy!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">***<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Last month I told you about the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts v. Lynn Goldsmith<\/strong>, the Supreme Court case that is said to be a game changer for fair use.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll end the suspense this month and tell you what happened at the Supreme Court in my exciting conclusion, Part 2: Fair Use Revisited.<\/p>\n<h2>\u201cTransformative Work\u201d and Fair Use<\/h2>\n<p>As I said last month, the fair use test consists of four factors, but courts have been weighing the first factor more and more heavily.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specifically<\/strong>, many cases have been decided based almost exclusively on whether the use is \u201ctransformative.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court put the brakes on this trend in this case.<\/p>\n<p>While \u201ctransformative-ness\u201d is relevant, it is not the deciding factor in the fair use test or even in the first factor of the fair use test.<\/p>\n<p>It is one element to be considered among several others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In addition<\/strong>, making some changes to the original is not enough to make something \u201ctransformative\u201d &#8212; it has to fundamentally change the purpose of the work to apply.<\/p>\n<p>So to go back to Google v. Author\u2019s Guild, Google\u2019s use still qualifies as \u201ctransformative,\u201d because the purpose of Google\u2019s use (creating an online searchable database) is fundamentally different from the purposes of the original authors (offering a book for sale for educational or entertainment purposes).<\/p>\n<p><strong>But here<\/strong>, Andy Warhol\u2019s artistic changes to Lynn Goldsmith\u2019s photograph do not change its purpose as a cover photo for a magazine devoted to Prince.<\/p>\n<p>Since the purpose of this use is the same as the purpose for the original photograph, it is not transformative.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Combined with this being a commercial use<\/strong>, the Andy Warhol Foundation fails the first factor of the test and loses the case (the parties had already agreed that Ms. Goldsmith would win for the other three factors).<\/p>\n<h2>So what does this mean for fair use going forward?<\/h2>\n<p>The most obvious answer is that people who are drawing from preexisting content cannot rely on their use being \u201ctransformative.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Supreme Court has significantly raised the bar on what qualifies as \u201ctransformative,\u201d<\/strong> and they have further declared that \u201ctransformative-ness\u201d cannot be the deciding factor in infringement cases.<\/p>\n<p>People using pre-existing content must carefully analyze all four factors before they can feel reasonably confident about their use qualifying as fair use.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Critics of the decision are concerned that this will inhibit people from using pre-existing content<\/strong>, and the creative world will suffer for it.<\/p>\n<p>I personally feel that creatives will find a way to adapt, but only time will tell.<\/p>\n<h2>Fair Use and AI<\/h2>\n<p>I read another article recently that pointed out that this could also spell trouble for AI companies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>As I pointed out in my previous article on AI<\/strong>, AI needs a large database in order to work, and that database almost necessarily includes copyrighted content.<\/p>\n<p>AI companies have largely been relying on their use being \u201ctransformative\u201d &#8212; if that is no longer a deciding factor, this could generally spell trouble for the AI industry.<\/p>\n<p><strong>On the other hand<\/strong>, they have a stronger argument than the Andy Warhol Foundation did in this case, so this may be more of a setback than an industry killer.<\/p>\n<p>It will certainly be interesting to see what the long-term impact of this case will be.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the meantime<\/strong>, if you have questions about this case or article (Part 2: Fair Use Revisited), and how it affects your work, please feel free to email me at <a href=\"mailto:kaway@kawaylaw.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kaway@kawaylaw.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to read more articles like this one Writer\u2019s Fun Zone? <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/contact-beth\/#signup\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subscribe here.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">***<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>ABOUT THE AUTHOR<\/h2>\n<p><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/2019\/06\/07\/what-do-i-need-to-know-about-the-california-consumer-privacy-act-ccpa-by-kelley-way\/kawaylaw.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"kawaylaw.com noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-19891 tc-smart-load-skip tc-smart-loaded\" title=\"Kelley Way\" src=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/way18CRWEB-240x300.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/way18CRWEB-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/way18CRWEB-640x800.jpg 640w, https:\/\/writersfunzone.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/way18CRWEB.jpg 700w\" alt=\"Kelley Way\" width=\"150\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kelley Way was born and raised in Walnut Creek, California. She graduated from UC Davis with a B.A. in English, followed by a Juris Doctorate. Kelley is a member of the California Bar, and an aspiring writer of young adult fantasy novels. More information at <a href=\"http:\/\/kawaylaw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kawaylaw.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We look at a court case between Andy Warhol and Lynn Goldsmith and how that case continues to influence our fair use laws today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":27357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4659],"tags":[5323,5422,5025,4241,5421,934,5423],"class_list":["post-27356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal","tag-ai","tag-andy-warhol","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-fair-use","tag-google","tag-kelley-way","tag-transformative-work"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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